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In computing, scheduling is the method by which work specified by some means is assigned to resources that complete the work. The work may be virtual computation elements such as threads, processes or data flows, which are in turn scheduled onto hardware resources such as processors, network links or expansion cards. A scheduler is what carries out the scheduling activity. Schedulers are often implemented so they keep all compute resources busy (as in load balancing), allow multiple users to share system resources effectively, or to achieve a target quality of service. Scheduling is fundamental to computation itself, and an intrinsic part of the execution model of a computer system; the concept of scheduling makes it possible to have computer multitasking with a single central processing unit (CPU). A scheduler may aim at one of many goals, for example, maximizing ''throughput'' (the total amount of work completed per time unit), minimizing ''response time'' (time from work becoming enabled until the first point it begins execution on resources), or minimizing ''latency'' (the time between work becoming enabled and its subsequent completion), maximizing ''fairness'' (equal CPU time to each process, or more generally appropriate times according to the priority and workload of each process). In practice, these goals often conflict (e.g. throughput versus latency), thus a scheduler will implement a suitable compromise. Preference is given to any one of the concerns mentioned above, depending upon the user's needs and objectives. In real-time environments, such as embedded systems for automatic control in industry (for example robotics), the scheduler also must ensure that processes can meet deadlines; this is crucial for keeping the system stable. Scheduled tasks can also be distributed to remote devices across a network and managed through an administrative back end. ==Types of operating system schedulers== The scheduler is an operating system module that selects the next jobs to be admitted into the system and the next process to run. Operating systems may feature up to three distinct scheduler types: a ''long-term scheduler'' (also known as an admission scheduler or high-level scheduler), a ''mid-term or medium-term scheduler'', and a ''short-term scheduler''. The names suggest the relative frequency with which their functions are performed. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Scheduling (computing)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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